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german WW2

redfoxmanwithagun — Thu, 13 Nov 2008 14:45:06 CST

The standard German infantry weapon was the rifle, originally designed by Mauser and dubbed the Karabiner 98k. This weapon was a 5-shot, bolt-action rifle that actually dated back to 1898 when it was first adopted by the Imperial German Army. It was standard issue for German troops in WWI and, in its modified 98k version (k for kurz, or short), in WWII as well.

While the German standard rifle was a bolt action rifle, the Germans did attempt to design a successful automatic rifle as well. Two designs were submitted for trials in 1941, one by Walther (the maker of the famous PPK and the P38 pistols), and the other was submitted by Mauser. The Mauser design won out over the simpler Walther design and many thousands of the Gewehr 41(W) were made available to the troops on the Eastern Front. After initial use, results were less than satisfactory and as soon as a better design came along (the model 43), production was halted. The way in which German troops used their weapons changed and a rifle with a range of 2000 yards was no longer needed - except for specialists and snipers. Instead, ranges had shrunk down to 400 yards and a less powerful cartridges was needed.

The most common submachine gun used by the Germans during WWII was the MP40. Many times the term "Schmeisser" is used in reference to a German submachine gun. While it is true that the Schmeisser firm did create and produce its own submachine gun design, it was less than perfect and prone to trouble. The MP40 was a not manufactured by Schmeisser, and the weapon was far more simple and had a much more cleaner design, thus it became the standard issue for German troops. An earlier design called MP38 had a similar appearance and saw widespread distribution. A less known model called Erma was also produced as well as a German copy of the British STEN gun, called MP3008. The Waffen-SS used a submachine gun made by Bergman called the MP34 also.

The next submachine gun design to emerge was the MP43 or Machine Pistol 43 from a design developed in 1943. It fired a less powerful cartridge and had a lighter recoil as a result. However, Hitler, still thinking that troops needed a weapon capable of firing 2000 yards, ordered that production of the weapon not start. The German arms minister, however, knew the need of the new weapon, and changed the name to "Machine Pistol", which is what the Germans called their submachine guns like the US Thompson .45 cal. The trick worked and the weapon went into production at three factories and German troops all over the Eastern Front were clamouring for the new weapon. The whole affair was blown" when a few divisional commanders asked Hitler at a conference when they would get the new weapon. Hitler was furious and ordered an investigation. Luckily for the men that had disobeyed the Fuehrer, the results of the investigation were so encouraging about the new weapon that Hitler changed his mind and announced that henceforward the weapon would be called "Sturmgewehr" or Assault Rifle. This was the world's first ever assault rifle. The Maschinen Pistole 43's origin was actually the Maschinen Karbiner 42 (MKb 42). It looked a lot similar, and was issued in numbers on the eastern front. Later, this weapon was refined into the Mp43. The Germans, contemplating the sniping value of the Mp43, made a variant, called the Mp43/1. It had scope mounting rails on the iron-sights. The sniper arrangement didn't really work, so, few were made. In late 1943, the MP44 (the most commonly found German assault rifle from the war) was developed, though being basically the same thing as it's predecessor. In 1945, Mauser had begun work on a new type of assault rifle (sometimes called the StG45(M), sometimes the Gerat O6), that used a roller-locking mechanism (like that of the Mp5), which slowed the ROF down to 450 RPS. However, these rifles never made it past the prototype phase.

The Germans settled on two light machine gun designs and used them throughout the war, the MG34and MG42. The MG42 went on to become the standard design for a light machine gun for NATO and is now used in a more modern form by the US military, and the Australian Army, as the M-60! The new German Army continues to use a less modified but still modernized version of the MG42 as their standard light machine gun.
Other infantry weapons

The "potato masher" grenade from WW1 made a comeback in an improved version.

	The famous "Luger" pistol was used in WW2 in a shorter barrelled version from WW1. Most Artillery (Long) P08 and Marine P04 had, due to Allied restrictions, to be shortened to a barrel length of 100mm. (Same for the C96). The P08 manufactured after 1935 had the same dimensions then as the pre 1918 P08 Pistols. Interestingly the Germans never referred to it as a Luger but by it's proper name the P08 Parabellum.

Mauser Schnellfeuer-Pistole These odd-looking pistols (see picture above) were based on the Mauser C96. These were more "flashy" than effective. It was wasteful of ammunition and difficult to aim. The weapon has a protruding 20-round magazine and detachable wooden stock/holster. (When dis-assembled the pistol was housed in the stock) Could fire 900 rounds per minute (15 rounds per second) but because of it's extreme lightweight was nearly impossible to aim with any accuracy.Also a weapon that empties it's magazine in just over 1 second may not be the best option.

The Panzerfaust was an effective, 1 man, shoulder fired anti-tank weapon.

WW1 weapons

redfoxmanwithagun — Thu, 13 Nov 2008 14:38:52 CST

weapons from the first world war .

russian

redfoxmanwithagun — Sun, 28 Sep 2008 07:02:56 CDT

[hide]

[edit] A

AB-7.62 (Assault Rifle - 7.62 x 39 mm)
AVB-7.62 (Assault Rifle - 7.62 x 54 mm)
A-91 (Compact Assault Rifle - 5.45 x 39 mm, 5.56 x 45 mm NATO, 7.62 x 39 mm)
AEK-906 (Revolver - 9 x 18 mm AEK-906; 9 x 19 mm AEK-906-1)
AEK-918 (Submachine Gun - 9 x 19 mm)
AEK-918G (Submachine Gun - 9 x 19 mm)
AEK-919 / AEK-919K (Submachine Gun - 9 x 18 mm)
AEK-971 (Assault Rifle - 5.45 x 39 mm AEK-971; 5.56 x 45 mm AEK-972; 7.62 x 39 mm AEK-973 / AEK-973S)
AEK-999 (Machine gun - 7.62 x 54 mm)
AK-47 (Assault Rifle - 7.62 x 39 mm)
- AKS-47 (Assault Rifle - 7.62 x 39 mm)
AK-74 (Assault Rifle - 5.45 x 39 mm)
- AK-74M (Assault Rifle - 5.45 x 39 mm)
- AKS-74 (Assault Rifle - 5.45 x 39 mm)
- AKS-74U (Compact Assault Rifle - 5.45 x 39 mm)
  - AKS-74UN (Compact Assault Rifle - 5.45 x 39 mm: Night Vision Scope)
  - AKS-74UB (Compact Assault Rifle/Grenade Launcher - 5.45 x 39 mm/30 mm Grenade)
AK-97 (Carbine - 7.62 x 39 mm)
AK-101 (Assault Rifle - 5.56 x 45 NATO)
- AK-102 (Compact Assault Rifle - 5.56 mm NATO)
AK-103 (Assault Rifle - 7.62 x 39 mm)
- AK-104 (Compact Assault Rifle - 7.62 x 39 mm)
AK-105 (Compact Assault Rifle - 5.45 x 39 mm)
AK-107 (Assault Rifle - 5.45 x 39 BARS (Balanced Automatic Recoil System))
- AK-108 (Assault Rifle - 5.56 x 45)
AKM (Assault Rifle - 7.62 x 39 mm)
- AKMS (Assault Rifle - 7.62 x 39 mm)
- AKMSU (Compact Assault Rifle - 7.62 x 39 mm)
AKU 94 (Rifle - 7.62 x 39 mm: Aftermarket Conversion for AK 47 Semi-Auto Clones)
AK-9 (Compact Assault Rifle - 9 x 39 mm)
AL-4 (Assault Rifle - 5.45 x 39 mm: Experimental)
AL-7 (Assault Rifle - 5.45 x 39 mm: Experimental)
AN-94 (Assault Rifle - 5.45 x 39 mm: Abakan)
AO-46 (Assault Rifle - 5.45 x 39 mm)
AO-63 (Assault Rifle - 5.45 x 39 mm: Experimental)
APS Stechkin (Machine Pistol - 9 x 18 mm PM)
APS Underwater Assault Rifle (Assault Rifle - 5.66 x 29 mm MPS)
AS Val (Silent Assault Rifle - 9 x 39 mm)
AVS-36 (Semi-Auto Rifle - 7.62 x 54 mm R)
AGS-17 ( Automatic Grenade Launcher - [[ 30mm grenade]])
AGS-30 ( grenade launcher / machine gun - 30mm grenade)

[edit] B

B94 (Semi-Auto Rifle 12.7 x 107 mm)
Baikal MP-141K (Semi-Auto Carbine - .22 LR & .22 Magnum)
Baikal-441 (Pistol - 6.35 mm/.25ACP)
Baikal-442 (Pistol - 9 x 18 mm)
BG-15 (Under-barrel Grenade Launcher - 40 x 46 mm grenade)
Bizon
- Bizon 2 (SMG - 9 x 18 mm Makarov)
  - Bizon 2-01 (SMG - 9 x 19 mm Parabellum)
  - Bizon 2-02 (SMG - 9 x 17 mm/.380 ACP)
  - Bizon 2-03 (SMG - 9 x 18 mm Makarov)
  - Bizon 2-04 (Semi-Auto Carbine - 9 x 18 mm Makarov)
  - Bizon 2-05 (Semi-Auto Carbine - 9 x 19 mm Parabellum)
  - Bizon 2-06 (Semi-Auto Carbine - 9 x 17 mm/.380 ACP)
  - Bizon 2-07 (SMG - 7.62 x 25 mm)
- Bizon 3 (SMG - 9 x 18 mm Makarov)
BS-1 30 mm (Grenade Launcher - 30 mm Grenade)

[edit] D

Degtyarev DP
- DP-27 / DP-28 (Light machine gun - 7.62x54mmR)
- DPM (Light machine gun - 7.62x54 mmR)
- DA (Light machine gun - 7.62x54mmR)
- DT / DTM (Light machine gun - 7.62x54mmR)
- RP-46 (Light machine gun - 7.62x54mmR)
DShK
- DShK 1938 (Heavy machine gun - 12.7x107mm)
- DShK 1938/1946 / DShKM (Heavy Machine Gun - 12.7x107mm)
DP-64 (Heavy Grenade Launcher - 45 mm)

[edit] F

Fedorov Avtomat
- Fedorov Avtomat The Fedorov Avtomat was the first service assault rifle, designed by Vladimir Federov and made in Russia in 1916. It was chambered for the Japanese Arisaka 6.5 x 50 mm rifle cartridge and used a short-recoil action. About 3000 were built.

[edit] G

GP-25 (Under-barrel grenade launcher - 40x46mm grenade)
- GP-30 (Under-barrel grenade launcher - 40x46mm grenade)

[edit] K

Kord (Heavy Machine Gun - 12.7 x 107 mm)
KOVROV UDAR (Revolver-?)
KPB DROTIK (?)
KPB PP90-M (?)
KPB U94-TS (Revolver -?)
KPV (Heavy Machine Gun - 14.5 x 114 mm)
- KPVT (Tank Heavy Machine Gun)

[edit] M

Makarov PM (Pistol - 9x18mm Makarov)
- Makarov PMM (Pistol - 9x18mm Makarov)
Maxim M1910 (Medium machine gun - 7.62x54mmR)
Mosin-Nagant
- Mosin-Nagant 1891 Infantry (Bolt Action Rifle - 7.62x54mmR)
- Mosin-Nagant 1891 Dragoon (Bolt Action Rifle - 7.62x54mmR)
- Mosin-Nagant 1891 Cossack (Bolt Action Rifle - 7.62x54mmR)
- Mosin-Nagant 1891/1910 (Bolt Action Rifle - 7.62x54mmR)
- Mosin-Nagant 1891/1930 (Bolt Action Rifle - 7.62x54mmR)
- Mosin-Nagant 1938 Carbine (Bolt Action Rifle - 7.62x54mmR)
- Mosin-Nagant 1944 Carbine (Bolt Action Rifle - 7.62x54mmR)
MR-444 (Pistol - 9 mm)

[edit] N

Nagant M1895 (Revolver - 7.62x38mmR)
NSV (Heavy Machine Gun - 12.7x108mm)

[edit] O

OTs-11 Tiss (compact assault rifle – 9x39mm)
OTs-14 Groza (compact assault rifle - 9x39mm, 7.62x39mm)
OSV-96 (sniper rifle – 12.7x108mm)

[edit] P

PK (GPMG - 7.62 x 54 mm R)
- PKM (GPMG - 7.62 x 54 mm R)
- PKSMN (GPMG - 7.62 x 54 mm R)
- PKT (GPMG - 7.62 x 54 mm R)
Pecheneg (Machine gun - 7.62 x 54 mm)
PP-19 (SMG (Bison) 9x18mm PM and PMM; 7,62x25mm Tokarev; 9x19mm Luger / Parabellum )
- PP-19-01 (SMG 9x19mm Luger / Parabellum (9x19 7N21)
PP-90 (SMG 9x18mm PM )
PP-91 (SMG 9x18mm PMM - Makarov Modernized for Klin)
PP-90M1 (9x19mm 7N21 and 7N31, compatible with all 9x19mm Luger/Parabellum ammo )
PP-93 (SMG 9x18mm PM )
PP-2000 (9x19mm 7N21 and 7N31, compatible with all 9x19mm Luger/Parabellum ammo )
PPD-34 (SMG - 7.62 x 25 mm TT)
PPD-34/38 (SMG - 7.62 x 25 mm TT)
PPD-40 (SMG - 7.62 x 25 mm TT)
PPS-42/PPS-43 (SMG - 7.62 x 25 mm TT)
PPSh-41 (SMG - 7.62 x 25 mm TT)
PTRD-41 (14.5 x 114 mm)
PTRS-41 (14.5 x 114 mm)

[edit] R

RPD (RPDM) (LMG - 7.62 x 39 mm)
RPG-2 (rocket-propelled grenade launcher - 40 mm)
RPG-7 (rocket-propelled grenade launcher - 40 mm)
RPG-16 (rocket-propelled grenade launcher - 58 mm)
RPG-18 (rocket-propelled grenade launcher - 64 mm)
RPG-22 (rocket-propelled grenade launcher - 72.5 mm)
RPG-26 (rocket-propelled grenade launcher - 72.5 mm)
RPG-27 (rocket-propelled grenade launcher - 105 mm)
RPG-29 (rocket-propelled grenade launcher - 105 mm)
RPK (LMG - 7.62x39mm)
RPK-74 (LMG - 5.45x39mm)
RPO-A Shmel' (rocket-propelled flamethrower)
RG-6 (6G30 40mm Revolver-Type grenade launcher)

[edit] S

Saiga-12 (Semi-Auto shotgun - 12 gauge)
SG-43 Gorunov (Medium machine gun - 7.62 x 54 mm R)
SKS (Semi-Auto Carbine - 7.62 x 39 mm)
SPP-1 Underwater Pistol (Pistol -?)
SR-1 "Gyurza" (Pistol - 9 x 21 mm Gyurza)
SVD (sniper rifle Russian 7.62x54mm Rimmed )
SVT
- SVT-38 (Battle rifle - 7.62 x 54 mm R)
- SVT-40 (Battle rifle - 7.62 x 54 mm R)
  - SKT-40 (Battle rifle - 7.62 x 54 mm R)
  - SVU (sniper rifle Russian - 7.62x54mm Rimmed )
SVDK (Sniper Rifle - 9 x 64 mm)
SR-3 Vikhr (Compact Assault Rifle - 9 x 39 mm)

[edit] T

TT pistol (Pistol - 7.62 x 25 mm TT)
TKB-010 (Carbine - 7.62 x 33 mm)
TKB-011 2M (Assault Rifle - 7.62 x 39 mm)
TKB-022P (Assault Rifle - 7.62 x 39 mm)
TKB-022PM (Assault Rifle - 7.62 x 39 mm)
TKB-072 (Assault Rifle - 5.45 x 39 mm: Experimental)
TKB-408 (Assault Rifle - 7.62 x 39 mm)
TKB-517 (Assault Rifle - 7.62 x 39 mm)
TKB-579 (Battle Rifle - 7.62 x 54 mm R)

[edit] V

VSS Vintorez (Silent automatic sniper rifle - 9 x 39 mm)
VSK-94 (Compact automatic sniper rifle - 9 x 39 mm)

[edit] 9

9A-91 (Compact Assault Rifle - 9 x 39 mm)

list of guns

redfoxmanwithagun — Sun, 28 Sep 2008 07:01:58 CDT

There is no abstract available for this page revision.

info

redfoxmanwithagun — Wed, 10 Sep 2008 10:27:54 CDT

There is no abstract available for this page revision.

more pics

redfoxmanwithagun — Wed, 10 Sep 2008 10:25:20 CDT

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world war 1 & 2

redfoxmanwithagun — Wed, 10 Sep 2008 10:24:05 CDT

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world war i fronts.jpg600 x 603 \| 182kBwww.sscnet.ucla.edu	war5.jpg400 x 269 \| 43kBcw178.tripod.com	egypt world war 2By Noddy Guevara on Flickrwww.flickr.com	World_War_2_Com...02.jpg800 x 539 \| 243.2kBwww.fpsteam.it	world war one trench modelBy J_a_m_e_s on Flickrwww.flickr.com
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gasmasks

redfoxmanwithagun — Wed, 10 Sep 2008 10:20:00 CDT

TYPE: SchM41M (East German Designation)

TRANSLATION: n/a

ALIASES: SM-1, ShM, Helmet Mask

DATE: c. 1960s

FREQUENCY: Common/Uncommon

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-016

NOTES: The SchM41M was based on the WWII Russian SM-1 gas mask. Like its WWII predecessor, the SchM41M used an encapsulating "helmet" styled face piece with two internal Tissot style tubes. Variations of this mask were used throughout eastern Europe by most of the Warsaw Pact countries well into the 1980s. The mask was typically carried in a rubberized, olive drab bag.

PRICE: Not For Sale

TYPE: SchM41M (East German Designation)

TRANSLATION: n/a

ALIASES: SM-1, ShM, Helmet Mask

DATE: c. 1960s

FREQUENCY: Common/Uncommon

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-086

NOTES: This version of the SchM41M was issued in East Germany and was equipped with an Übungsfilter (training filter) for use during NBC exercises. The mask itself is otherwise the same as the above mask.

PRICE: $120

CONDITION: Mask is complete with filter and carrier and in very good condition.

CLICK HERE FOR HOW TO BUY

TYPE: Гражданский Противогаз 5 (ГП-5)

TRANSLATION: Civilian Gas Mask 5 (GP-5)

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Very Common

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Civilian/Industrial

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-021

NOTES: The Soviet GP-5 is quite possibly the most common gas mask available on the surplus market today. It used the helmet type design, but had a shorter inlet/outlet assembly when compared to the military types. The GP-5 was made in both gray and black rubber and was carried in a small green cloth bag.

PRICE: SOLD!

TYPE: Гражданский Противогаз 5 (ГП-5)

TRANSLATION: Civilian Gas Mask 5 (GP-5)

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Common

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Civilian/Industrial

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-023

PRICE: Not For Sale

TYPE: Гражданский Противогаз 5 (ГП-5)

TRANSLATION: Civilian Gas Mask 5 (GP-5)

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Rare

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Civilian/Industrial

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-022

NOTES: This version of the GP-5 was issued with a corrugated breathing hose and a special purpose filter.

PRICE: $60

CONDITION: Mask is complete with filter and carrier and in very good condition.

CLICK HERE FOR HOW TO BUY

TYPE: Гражданский Противогаз 5 (ГП-5)

TRANSLATION: Civilian Gas Mask 5 (GP-5)

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Rare

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Civilian/Industrial

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-024

NOTES: This version of the GP-5 was issued with a corrugated breathing hose and a special purpose filter.

PRICE: $60

CONDITION: Mask is complete with filter and carrier and in very good condition.

CLICK HERE FOR HOW TO BUY

TYPE: Гражданский Противогаз 5 (ГП-5)

TRANSLATION: Civilian Gas Mask 5 (GP-5)

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Rare

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Civilian/Industrial

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-025

NOTES: This version of the GP-5 was issued with a corrugated breathing hose and a special purpose filter.

PRICE: $60

CONDITION: Mask is complete with filter and carrier and in very good condition.

CLICK HERE FOR HOW TO BUY

TYPE: PMG

TRANSLATION: n/a

ALIASES: 70M (Hungarian Designation)

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Uncommon

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-032

NOTES: The Soviet PMG was used throughout the cold war era in both the USSR and Hungary. The Hungarian version is slightly different from the Soviet version but is structurally identical for the most part. Both types were made from gray rubber with two optical glass eye pieces, a speech diaphragm on the front and an exhale valve on the bottom.

PRICE: Not For Sale

TYPE: PMG-2/GP-5M

TRANSLATION: PMG-2/GP-5M

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Uncommon

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military/Civilian

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-017

NOTES: The PMG-2 is a special mask made for use by radio personnel, tank drivers and possibly officers. The mask had a highly effective speech diaphragm on the front and ear holes on the side so that radio gear could be worn effectively. The mask was also used by civilians and civil defense personnel were it was designated the GP-5M. The mask was made in both gray and black rubber, and with and without a breathing hose.

PRICE: Not For Sale

TYPE: PMG-2/GP-5M

TRANSLATION: PMG-2/GP-5M

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Uncommon

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military/Civilian

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-018

PRICE: Not For Sale

TYPE: PMG-2/GP-5M

TRANSLATION: PMG-2/GP-5M

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Uncommon

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military/Civilian

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-019

PRICE: Not For Sale

TYPE: PMG-2/GP-5M

TRANSLATION: PMG-2/GP-5M

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Uncommon

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military/Civilian

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-020

PRICE: Not For Sale

TYPE: SchR 1

TRANSLATION: n/a

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Rare

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-027

NOTES: This mask was designed to be worn by soldiers suffering from a head wound in a hostile environment. Most likely, it was carried by medics. The mask is very similar to the standard SchM41M, but it had an extended rubber hood that could be secured around the wearer's neck with a strap.

PRICE: $130

CONDITION: Mask is complete with filter and in very good condition, some minor rubber discoloration.

CLICK HERE FOR HOW TO BUY

TYPE: SchR 2

TRANSLATION: n/a

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Uncommon/Rare

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-026

NOTES: This mask is another type of head wound gas mask which covered the wearer's whole head and was secured via straps in the back. An exhale valve was located on the side of the mask. This mask is fairly common and can usually be found in good condition.

PRICE: $90

CONDITION: Mask is complete with filter and in very good condition.

CLICK HERE FOR HOW TO BUY

TYPE: Шлем-Маска ШМС

TRANSLATION: n/a

ALIASES: SchMS (East German Designation)

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Uncommon

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-028

NOTES: The SchMS is a special purpose mask used by troops needing a gas mask that could be used with optical sighting devices. The mask was made from both gray and black rubber, and was carried in a green rubberized bag.

PRICE: Not For Sale

TYPE: Шлем-Маска ШМС

TRANSLATION: n/a

ALIASES: SchMS (East German Designation)

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Uncommon

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-029

PRICE: Not For Sale

TYPE: PRWU (East German Designation)

TRANSLATION: n/a

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Rare

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-030

NOTES: The PRWU is another special purpose mask used by troops needing a gas mask that could be used with optical sighting devices, however the mask was equipped with a special protective sleeve that covered most of the breathing tube and a modified speech diaphragm. This mask was used by ground troops operating surface to air missile systems. Like the SchMS, the PRWU was made in both gray and black.

PRICE: Not For Sale

TYPE: PRWU (East German Designation)

TRANSLATION: n/a

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Rare

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-031

PRICE: Not For Sale

TYPE: Противогаз ПБФ

TRANSLATION: Gas Mask PBF

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Uncommon

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-033

NOTES: The PBF is a special mask most likely used by border troops and other units that needed a light weight gas mask that offered freedom from the typical heavy rubber tube and filter. Two oval shaped filter elements (designated ЕО-19Э) were housed in bilateral cheek pockets, similar to the US M17 series. The mask also featured a speech diaphragm and an exhale valve on the front. Like most Soviet masks from the cold war era, the PBF was made in both gray and black rubber.

PRICE: Not For Sale

TYPE: Противогаз ПБФ

TRANSLATION: Gas Mask PBF

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Uncommon

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-034

PRICE: Not For Sale

TYPE: Противогаз Детский Фильтрующий ПДФ-Ш

TRANSLATION: Children's Filtering Gas Mask PDF-Sh

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s/1980s

FREQUENCY: Common/Uncommon

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Civilian

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-036

NOTES: The small children's gas mask, designated the PDF-Sh was designed for use by young children ages 5 to 7. There were several types, all using the МД-3 (MD-3) face piece, with some made from gray rubber and some made from black rubber. The earliest type (at right) used a metal exhale valve guard whereas later types used a black plastic valve guard.

PRICE: $20

CONDITION: Mask is complete with filter and carrier and in very good condition, comes with green GP-5 filter, not gray filter pictured to right.

CLICK HERE FOR HOW TO BUY

TYPE: Противогаз Детский Фильтрующий ПДФ-Ш

TRANSLATION: Children's Filtering Gas Mask PDF-Sh

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s/1980s

FREQUENCY: Common/Uncommon

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Civilian

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-037

NOTES: The small children's gas mask, designated the PDF-Sh was designed for use by young children ages 5 to 7. There were several types, all using the МД-3 (MD-3) face piece, with some made from gray rubber and some made from black rubber. The earliest type used a metal exhale valve guard whereas later types used a black plastic valve guard.

PRICE: $25

CONDITION: Mask is complete with filter and carrier and in very good condition, comes with green GP-5 filter, not gray filter pictured to right.

CLICK HERE FOR HOW TO BUY

TYPE: Противогаз Детский Фильтрующий ПДФ-Ш

TRANSLATION: Children's Filtering Gas Mask PDF-Sh

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s/1980s

FREQUENCY: Common/Uncommon

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Civilian

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-038

NOTES: The small children's gas mask, designated the PDF-Sh was designed for use by young children ages 5 to 7. There were several types, all using the МД-3 (MD-3) face piece, with some made from gray rubber and some made from black rubber. The earliest type used a metal exhale valve guard whereas later types used a black plastic valve guard.

PRICE: $25

CONDITION: Mask is complete with filter and carrier and in very good condition, comes with green GP-5 filter, not gray filter pictured to right.

CLICK HERE FOR HOW TO BUY

TYPE: Противогаз Детский Фильтрующий ПДФ-Д

TRANSLATION: Children's Filtering Gas Mask PDF-D

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s/1980s

FREQUENCY: Common/Uncommon

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Civilian

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-039

NOTES: Like the PDF-Sh, the PDF-D was a similar children's gas mask designed for use by youths, ages 7 to 17. The mask could be used with a small filter canister or a full sized GP-5 filter. Like the PDF-Sh, the PDF-D was made in several sizes and in both gray and black rubber.

PRICE: SOLD!

TYPE: Противогаз Детский Фильтрующий ПДФ-Д

TRANSLATION: Children's Filtering Gas Mask PDF-D

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s/1980s

FREQUENCY: Common/Uncommon

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Civilian

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-040

PRICE: $30

CONDITION: Mask is complete with filter and carrier and in very good condition, comes with green GP-5 filter, not gray filter pictured to right.

CLICK HERE FOR HOW TO BUY

TYPE: Противогаз Детский Фильтрующий ПДФ-Д

TRANSLATION: Children's Filtering Gas Mask PDF-D

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s/1980s

FREQUENCY: Common/Uncommon

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Civilian

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-041

PRICE: $35

CONDITION: Mask is complete with filter and carrier and in very good condition, comes with gray filter as pictured.

CLICK HERE FOR HOW TO BUY

TYPE: Детский Противогаз ДП-6

TRANSLATION: Children's Gas Mask DP-6

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Rare

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Civilian/Military

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-035

NOTES: The DP-6 was a civilian mask designed for young children who were to big for small child masks but not big enough for regular adult gas masks. The mask had a short rubber hose fixed to the front of the mask that was used with a GP-5 filter.

PRICE: $65

CONDITION: Mask is complete with filter and carrier and in very good condition.

CLICK HERE FOR HOW TO BUY

TYPE: Изолирующий Противогаз ИП-4

TRANSLATION: Insulator Gas Mask IP-4

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1970s

FREQUENCY: Rare/Scarce

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-042

NOTES: The IP-4 is one of several different types of Soviet style rebreather units. This model is very similar to the early WWII era IP-46. The rebreather bladder and generating unit was carried at the chest position in a green rubberized bag. The mask was of the helmet type, covering the wearer's whole face and head.

PRICE: $200

CONDITION: Mask is complete with filter and carrier and in very good condition.

CLICK HERE FOR HOW TO BUY

TYPE: Изолирующий Противогаз ИП-5

TRANSLATION: Insulator Gas Mask IP-5

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1980s

FREQUENCY: Uncommon/Rare

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-043

NOTES: The IP-5 is another rebreather unit used by the Soviet Union and several Warsaw Pact countries. The Ip-5 was a larger unit than the IP-4 and most likely could be used for a longer period of time. A large rebreathing bladder was worn around the neck and inflated via a large oxygen generating canister that was strapped to the wearer's chest. The IP-5 was made in both gray and black.

PRICE: $245

CONDITION: Mask is complete with filter and carrier and in very good condition. HEAVY!

CLICK HERE FOR HOW TO BUY

TYPE: Изолирующий Противогаз ИП-5

TRANSLATION: Insulator Gas Mask IP-5

ALIASES: n/a

DATE: c. 1980s

FREQUENCY: Uncommon/Rare

USAGE: USSR, Warsaw Pact Countries

FUNCTION: Military

LMàG REFERENCE CODE: RU-044

PRICE: SOLD

cold war

redfoxmanwithagun — Wed, 10 Sep 2008 10:18:37 CDT

This is a missile base that was functional up until some point in the late 1960's when it was decommissioned, mostly dismantled, and sealed up. Based on the grafitti inside, it looks like people found a way into it sometime in the mid 1980's.

This is the abandoned road leading to the site. The only markings on the surface that hint at what's below are the tops of concrete silo lids and a couple of air vent towers sticking up about 15 feet into the air.

the biggest war's

redfoxmanwithagun — Wed, 10 Sep 2008 10:16:09 CDT

There is no abstract available for this page revision.

more army pics

redfoxmanwithagun — Sat, 06 Sep 2008 12:05:44 CDT

Album: rockstar4341 Changed: 04/25/2008 Contains: 4 items. Viewed: 13597 times.	Album: damocles909 Changed: 03/03/2008 Contains: 57 items. Viewed: 23286 times.	Album: bluethor Changed: 08/12/2007 Contains: 110 items. Viewed: 29391 times.	Album: replicator replicator Changed: 08/13/2008 Contains: 84 items. Viewed: 91869 times.
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Album: abninf Changed: 11/24/2007 Contains: 158 items. Viewed: 99127 times.	Album: kailuaz Changed: 05/08/2008 Contains: 141 items. Viewed: 70383 times.	Album: afghanistan '02 Submitted by Beowulf Changed: 10/09/2007 Contains: 12 items. Viewed: 91207 times.	Album: argyll argyll Changed: 01/07/2007 Contains: 163 items. Viewed: 151947 times.
Album: 124texcavtroop Changed: 12/31/2005 Contains: 189 items. Viewed: 84646 times.	Album: jizzmonkey Changed: 07/21/2008 Contains: 176 items. Viewed: 160908 times.	Album: woofer Changed: 08/23/2008 Contains: 79 items. Viewed: 55696 times.	Album: cavtroop4 Changed: 08/14/2006 Contains: 52 items. Viewed: 120903 times.
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music

redfoxmanwithagun — Sat, 06 Sep 2008 11:57:55 CDT

innerpartysystem

sniper games

redfoxmanwithagun — Fri, 05 Sep 2008 12:55:21 CDT

Ammo Ambush 2

Police Sniper

The Professionals

Sniper School

Camper Strike

Sift Heads 2

Tactical Assassin

Sniper WWII

Featured Shooting Games

Foxy Sniper
Beautiful but Deadly!

Ragdoll Cannon 2
More Blasting Action!

Clear Vision Elite
The Ultimate Sniper Experience!

Raft Wars
Toast Pirates with Tennis Balls!

Bowman 2
Shoot an arrow through the heart of your opponent.

GunMaster Jungle Madness
Furious Bullet Storms!

I Am Archer
Evil Jelly Robot Invasion!

The Last Stand 2
Zombies: Deader Than Ever!

Clear Vision II
Son of Sniper!

Endless War 3
Don't underestimate this puny civilization.

Cannon Blaster 2
Prepare for Blast Off!

Sniper Assassin
Take Out Targets!

wpnFire
Zombies, knights - they all bleed!

Tactical Assassin
You Have a Deadly Job.

Bowman 2

Plays: 40,385,923

Champion Archer

Plays: 12,791,896

Clear Vision

Plays: 11,632,991

Tactical Assassin

Plays: 10,350,139

Endless War 3

Plays: 8,880,360

wpnFire

Plays: 7,644,093

Bloons Players Pack 1

Plays: 7,251,407

Bloody Day

Plays: 6,174,899

ThingThing Arena 2

Plays: 5,814,539

Raft Wars

Plays: 5,707,281

Clear Vision II

Plays: 5,426,095

Bloons Players Pack 2

Plays: 4,904,246

Commando Strike

Plays: 4,642,779

Stick Figure Penalty Chamber 2

Plays: 4,614,949

Sextreme Catapult

Plays: 3,968,486

Stick Strike

Plays: 3,782,822

The Strangers

Plays: 3,653,681

Boxhead - 2Play

Plays: 3,398,586

Tactical Assassin 2

Plays: 3,263,368

13 Days In Hell

Plays: 3,243,014

Divine Intervention

Plays: 3,159,820

Clear Vision Elite

Plays: 2,995,951

Sniper Assassin

Plays: 2,936,990

DeadEye

Plays: 2,908,393

Sift Heads 2

Plays: 2,882,271

Black Sheep Acres

Plays: 2,840,796

Storm the House

Plays: 2,664,928

The Last Stand

Plays: 2,659,860

Stickman Madness 2

Plays: 2,649,756

Special Mission

Plays: 2,602,750

Endless Zombie Rampage

Plays: 2,271,023

Smileys War

Plays: 2,266,623

The Sniper

Plays: 2,238,483

Drive By 2

Plays: 2,143,541

Thing Thing Three

Plays: 2,109,436

Camper Strike

Plays: 2,079,944

More Mindless Violence

Plays: 2,024,443

BLACK 2

Plays: 2,016,585

Animal Launch

Plays: 1,996,753

Prison Escape

Plays: 1,931,866

Boxhead - The Rooms

Plays: 1,818,733

Turret Defense 2

Plays: 1,818,628

Battle Buggy

Plays: 1,770,442

B.L.A.C.K.

Plays: 1,770,082

Smokin Barrels

Plays: 1,749,662

Siftheads 3

Plays: 1,736,538

Call of Duty 2

Plays: 1,708,623

Boxhead - More Rooms

Plays: 1,691,777

Modern Medieval 2

Plays: 1,634,266

The Last Stand 2

Plays: 1,609,792

the web army

redfoxmanwithagun — Fri, 05 Sep 2008 12:37:29 CDT

welcome to the web army , i'm sure the name tell's you what were all about !
go to the forums and discuss war among the web , go to the intro page to see all the ranks , new member's start from private or private first class . but please , have a look around , you'll be surprised .
i acctually surprised myself with the MEGA cool forum . (im very proud ......)

Pay grade E-9 E-8 E-7 E-6 E-5 E-4 E-3 E-2 E-1

Insignia

No Insignia

Title

Sergeant Major of the Army

Command Sergeant Major

Abbreviation

SMA

CSM

SGM

1SG

MSG

SFC

SSG

SGT

CPL

SPC ²

PFC

PV2 ¹

PV1 ¹

¹ PVT is also used as an abbreviation for both Private ranks when pay grade need not be distinguished.
² SP4 is sometimes encountered as an abbreviation for Specialist. This is a holdover from when there were additional specialist ranks at higher pay grades.

NATO Code

OR-9

OR-8

OR-7

OR-6

OR-5

OR-4

OR-3

OR-2

OR-1

forum

redfoxmanwithagun — Fri, 05 Sep 2008 12:31:25 CDT

http://twaforum.forumcity.com

intro

redfoxmanwithagun — Fri, 05 Sep 2008 12:06:16 CDT

move up in ranks and gain access to more and more things by making info pages and other good stuff , or maybe even posting stuff in the forums . , don't do anything stupid or you will be banned , my assistant will be the best site editor , everyone starts on the first rank .
ranks :

PRIVATE (PVT/PV2)
(Addressed as "Private")
Lowest rank: a trainee who’s starting Basic Combat Training (BCT). Primary role is to carry out orders issued to them to the best of his/her ability. (PVT does not have an insignia)

PRIVATE FIRST CLASS (PFC)
(Addressed as "Private")
PV2s are promoted to this level after one year—or earlier by request of supervisor. Individual can begin BCT at this level with experience or prior military training. Carries out orders issued to them to the best of his/her ability.

SPECIALIST (SPC)
(Addressed as "Specialist")
Can manage other enlisted Soldiers of lower rank. Has served a minimum of two years and attended a specific training class to earn this promotion. People enlisting with a four year college degree can enter BCT as a Specialist. CORPORAL (CPL)
(Addressed as "Corporal")
The base of the Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO) ranks, CPLs serve as team leader of the smallest Army units. Like SGTs, they are responsible for individual training, personal appearance and cleanliness of Soldiers.

SERGEANT (SGT)
(Addressed as "Sergeant")
Typically commands a squad (9 to 10 Soldiers). Considered to have the greatest impact on Soldiers because SGTs oversee them in their daily tasks. In short, SGTs set an example and the standard for Privates to look up to, and live up to.

STAFF SERGEANT (SSG)
(Addressed as "Sergeant")
Also commands a squad (9 to 10 Soldiers). Often has one or more SGTs under their leadership. Responsible for developing, maintaining and utilizing the full range of his Soldiers' potential.

OFFICER'S.

SECOND LIEUTENANT (2LT)
(Addressed as "Lieutenant")
Typically the entry-level rank for most Commissioned Officers. Leads platoon-size elements consisting of the platoon SGT and two or more squads (16 to 44 Soldiers).

FIRST LIEUTENANT (1LT)
(Addressed as "Lieutenant")
A seasoned lieutenant with 18 to 24 months service. Leads more specialized weapons platoons and indirect fire computation centers. As a senior Lieutenant, they are often selected to be the Executive Officer of a company-sized unit (110 to 140 personnel).

CAPTAIN (CPT)
(Addressed as "Captain")
Commands and controls company-sized units (62 to 190 Soldiers), together with a principal NCO assistant. Instructs skills at service schools and combat training centers and is often a Staff Officer at the battalion level.

MAJOR (MAJ)
(Addressed as "Major")
Serves as primary Staff Officer for brigade and task force command regarding personnel, logistical and operational missions.

LIEUTENANT COLONEL (LTC)
(Addressed as "Lieutenant Colonel " or "Colonel")
Typically commands battalion-sized units (300 to 1,000 Soldiers), with a CSM as principal NCO assistant. May also be selected for brigade and task force Executive Officer.

COLONEL (COL)
(Addressed as "Colonel")
Typically commands brigade-sized units (3,000 to 5,000 Soldiers), with a CSM as principal NCO assistant. Also found as the chief of divisional-level staff agencies.

BRIGADIER GENERAL (BG)
(Addressed as "General")
Serves as Deputy Commander to the commanding general for Army divisions. Assists in overseeing the staff's planning and coordination of a mission.

MAJOR GENERAL (MG)
(Addressed as "General")
Typically commands division-sized units (10,000 to 15,000 Soldiers).

LIEUTENANT GENERAL (LTG)
(Addressed as "General")
Typically commands corps-sized units (20,000 to 45,000 Soldiers).

GENERAL (GEN)
(Addressed as "General")
The senior level of Commissioned Officer typically has over 30 years of experience and service. Commands all operations that fall within their geographical area. The Chief of Staff of the Army is a four-star General.

GENERAL OF THE ARMY (GOA)
This is only used in time of War where the Commanding Officer must be equal or of higher rank than those commanding armies from other nations. The last officers to hold this rank served during and immediately following WWII.

other stuff

redfoxmanwithagun — Fri, 05 Sep 2008 10:38:03 CDT

Applying Basic Tracking For The Sniper
Arctic Survival
Camouflage and Concealment - Slide chart presentation.
Camouflage and Concealment - Notes accompanying the presentation
Dehydration
Fieldcraft
Fire Building
Fire Support Planning In Support Of Scout/Sniper Operations
Ghillie Suit Manufacture
Heat Stress in the Tactical Environment
Holding for Windage, Motion, and Distance - Slide chart presentation
Information Gathering For The Scout/Sniper
Maps: An introduction
Patrolling Fundamentals I
Patrolling Fundamentals II
Patrolling Fundamentals III
Patrolling - The Warning Order
Patrolling - The Operations Order
Shelter Construction
Survival
Sniper Field Training Exercises
Sniper FTX Summary
Sniper Positions ( Sniper's Paradise website )

advanced

redfoxmanwithagun — Fri, 05 Sep 2008 10:36:46 CDT

Most of the data and discussions which follows is taken directly or paraphrased from the Sierra Rifle Reloading Manual 3rd Edition. I have many books and manuals but Sierra's is by far the best. If you do not have this manual then I urge you to get it. All reloading manuals contain extensive disclaimers and Sierra's is no exception. I am providing this information because I have not found it elsewhere on the Web. It would take days to convert all of their data to HTML and it would be full of errors, piss them off, and keep you from buying their book! These pages should not be considered a worthwhile substitute for their manual. They do good work and I encourage you to support them by buying their manual. I think I paid around $34.95 US for it and as I mentioned, it is my favorite. Speer, Nosler, and Hornady also have good references. When I need data, I usually compare all of them. I've tried many bullets and can't honestly say that any brand is better than any other for my purposes. My .300 Win. drops everything I shoot with it. I have favorite bullets for each rifle that I own. It might surprise you to know that one of my guns shoots 180gr round nose bullets better than any other bullet I've tried! Don't be to quick to assume that a match grade bullet will fly better than others in any particular rifle. Bullet weight has a lot to do with it. (See section on rifle tuning where I discuss harmonics.) Try them all and decide for yourself. When the manufacturer recommends a bullet for a particular purpose don't try to read to much between the lines. A hollow point bullet is designed to expand rapidly, but if you are shooting whitetail with a .300 that is not a disadvantage! And now, on to exterior ballistics . . .

Ballistic Coefficient
Altitude and Humidity
Uphill/Downhill Shooting
Wind Effects

Ballistic Coefficient

Rather than try to calculate ballistics for every bullet made, it is easier to compare the ballistics potential of the bullet in question to one standard bullet. The potential of the standard bullet can be calculated very precisely. The drag deceleration of another bullet can be compared to this standard to produce a factor for calculating deceleration. This factor is known as the Ballistic Coefficient. It simple terms the BC of a bullet is a measure of it's efficiency. If we compare several bullets all fired at the same muzzle velocity, then the higher the BC of any bullet, the flatter it shoots, the better it bucks the wind, and the better it retains its velocity as it travels downrange. For a given bullet fired at a known muzzle velocity, the BC of the bullet determines its trajectory. This is because drag is the strongest force acting on the bullet, and the BC governs the amount of drag. The effect of the BC enters mainly through the time of flight. The drop at any range is nearly proportional to the square of the time of flight. It is clear that a bullet with a shorter time of flight will drop less than one with a longer time of flight. Time of flight is affected by drag, because drag slows a bullet down. Since the drag gets less as BC gets larger, larger BC means less drop. Time of flight also depends on muzzle velocity (MV). A large heavy bullet typically has a high BC (Inertial), but you cannot get the MV very high on a heavy bullet. So a high BC bullet may drop more than a lighter bullet fired much faster. For a comparison to be fair, you should also compare the final velocity and energy at the range in question. It should be evident that between 600 and 1000 yards, the heavier bullet is actually moving faster and of course, carrying more energy. We should also note that after 1000 yds, the heavier bullet will be flatter than the lighter bullet, but this is pretty much out of the effective range of the rifle. Look for the higher BC, but don't wear blinders. Consider MV, energy, and final velocity when choosing a bullet.

Altitude & Humidity

Drag depends on the density of air and on the speed of sound. These depend on temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure. Sierra uses standard factors in their ballistics tables. The values are: Altitude: sea level Pressure: 29.53 inches of mercury (Hg) Temperature: 59 degrees F. Humidity: 78% You may think that if you develop a load at lower elevations and then go to the mountains on a hunt, that your round will shoot flatter. The air is less dense, however it will probably be colder, thus offsetting the difference. What may surprise you is that a bullet will shoot flatter in humid air than it will in dry air. That is because the molecular weight of water is less than the molecular weight of dry air. Therefore the BC increases when we go from dry to more humid air. However the difference is pretty small and probably not worth figuring out. The most dramatic effect on bullet performance is a change in altitude provided that the temperature increase is not that great. If you sight your rifle in on a cold day, and go to the mountains and it's not that much colder, you will see a difference in trajectory. The best way to calculate the difference is to use a ballistics program. You'll find a freeware/shareware version to download on my home page. If you would like one for Windows, I highly recommend JBM's On Target! Ballistics software. The author is very knowledgeable and his program is based on solid physics. It is the best ballistics program that I know of. You should try to prepare a table which shows how your rifle will shoot over a reasonable range of altitudes. Once you commit to memory the altitude effect, you will be close enough to make accurate shots. The very best way is actually test your rifle under conditions that are close.

Shooting Uphill/Downhill

Bullet drop does not change very much when shooting uphill/downhill. But the rifle will appear to shoot high. In fact it shoots high by almost the same amount whether you are shooting up or down. Therefore you must adjust your hold or change your scope when taking shots at high angle, especially as range increases. If you know what the drop (d) is for your bullet at any given range, you can use the following table to calculate the amount your bullet will shoot high, in inches. Think about a 600 yd shot downhill at 40 degrees -- Instead of a 50" correction we are talking about a 40" correction. Check your tables or ballistics program for your rifle. If you would like to know what it is right now, then try JBM's online ballistics calculator! Just use your "back" button on your web browser to return.

Wind Effects

This is a big one. You must understand wind effects to shoot well. Formulas abound for this, but as we'll see, exact calculations are of little use. There is no substitute for practice. For our purposes we will refer to wind direction using the clock method. 12:00 is straight in the face, 6:00 is on the back of the head. Vertical deflection of bullets is very slight, at most a few inches at long ranges with 20+ winds. We will ignore head & tail winds (HTW) in this discussion. You will have to find the right place to hold, or adjust your sights slightly, for this component. If we discount HTW, then the wind effect of a 2:00 wind is the same as a 4:00, 8:00, and 10:00. Thus we only need to remember wind adjustments for 1,2, and 3:00. To be exact, you could calculate wind using 2:15, 1:48, etc. Those of you who are sailors know that wind is constantly shifting. Anywhere you are shooting, the wind4:00the target will always be different than the wind where you are shooting from. It changes all the way to the target. It may be 2mph where you are, 7mph halfway down range (from a slightly different direction), and 5mph at the target (from a slightly different direction). Usually the wind clocks or veers. Over a period of 10 minutes lets say, the wind will be 7mph for 3 min., then clock 5 degrees to the right for 5 minutes, then veer back to the left 5 degrees. Frequently there will be a brief lull in the wind, then it will reappear from the new direction. Aviators know this too. The wind swirls across the earth in large systems, each made up by an almost infinite number of microsystems. When on the water, you can see "wind lines". They look like areas of the water that have ripples. On big grassy fields you can see this too. In the morning, when the sun comes up, the air and ground begins to warm. As the ground warms, convection currents form cause air to move uphill. The western slope of a hill will have stronger currents than the eastern slope. In the evening, the opposite occurs. If you are near the water, the land - sea heat differential effect also occurs. Warm air rises over the ground and is replaced by cooler air over the water. This is known as an offshore breeze and occurs mid-morning. As the ground cools in late afternoon, the reverse occurs, although not as strong. After the sun has gone down is when the onshore breeze gets stronger. During the day, late morning - through afternoon, you are in the doldrums where nothing much is happening (minus the presence of a system). A shooter must study these winds as they swirl along the ground. Shooters cannot see ripples in the water, they must look for other signs. Mirage's move with the wind just like grass does. When shooting across flat ground you can see the shimmer of the heat rising off the ground. If the shimmer is straight up, there is less than 2mph wind. The mirage will lean away from the wind up until about 20mph when it disappears almost completely. Watch trees and grass. With a 2-4mph breeze the grass will move and you will see the eddies of air moving the ground. Fields are excellent places to read the wind because you can see the air currents. The leaves will also shimmer and and small limbs will move. 5-9mph and the grass starts to lean pretty well. Smaller limbs on the trees are moving constantly and thicker limbs barely move. 10-14mph and the thicker limbs are moving and the grass is being pushed strongly during the stronger gusts. 15-20mph and the trees are swaying and the grass is in constant motion. Be aware that trees block the wind on fields. The windward side of the field will not have as much air as the leeward because the trees are blocking it. As you look across the field you will be able to see the stronger air moving at the center and leeward sides. (Pronounced "looward"). Now that you understand a bit about reading wind, you can see why complex calculations are fruitless. You must average these effects, always giving more credence to wind that is closer to the target (where the bullet is moving slower). Only with practice will you become good at this. For target shooters, those who can read wind well will always outshoot those who can't, all other things being equal. Wind has a dramatic effect on long range shots. Recall that I said we would only consider winds from 1, 2, and 3. Look at a ballistics table for your bullet and use these factors to determine crosswind. (Or use JBM's) If your bullet moves 36" inches at some range with a 3 or 9 wind, then it will move about 18" with winds at 1,5,7, or 11. You only need to remember wind effects for your bullet at each range where wind is an issue. Then remember two other numbers -- 50% and 90%, 1/2 and "almost all of it". Now look downrange and average it all out, come up with your number, and shoot. If you have time, figure windage for lulls and strong winds both. If you can't get your shot off in a lull, you'll have to adjust, but you'll know how much.

basics

redfoxmanwithagun — Fri, 05 Sep 2008 10:35:28 CDT

If you can hit what you normally shoot at, with relative certainty, that may be good enough for you. I however, have strived over many years to develop my skills to the point that I am better than that. I want to know that I can make that shot at any range within the effective range of the rifle. It does not matter whether there is wind or not, nor the direction from which it comes. Whether the wind is 5kts or 20kts, uphill or downhill, raining, humid, or dry -- I want to know that I can make that shot, or, that I cannot. If I cannot make it then I will not take it. This site is going to focus on rifle marksmanship at a level above and beyond that used for clay pit plinking. I created this material for those who want to learn to shoot well, and as a gathering place for those who do shoot well. There are many things that influence accuracy and I am going to include all that come to mind. I will allow others to contribute their own material. This is a new site and I appreciate all germane comments. If you have a question I will try to clear up my text, reformat, or organize the thoughts better. This is not a forum for arguments about which cartridge is best, or which makes the ultimate dense brush, rainy weather, waxing moon, wild boar rifle. You can find that garbage in any number of gun magazines at your local drugstore or news stand. My philosophy is that some cartridges are better than others for certain situations or targets. However, bullet placement is far more important than caliber when your shot must achieve an effect. It will not allow you to stalk dangerous game with a .22, but it does make the question of 30-06 or 7mm Rem. Mag. academic within the effective range of a medium size high velocity rifle -- about 900 meters. One final note, I had an acquaintance once respond with incredulity that I would have the audacity to suggest that anyone could see, let alone hit, a target at 900 meters. This was a guy who never shot his rifle except to check his scope at the beginning of deer season. If you fall in this category please do two (2) things before you send flames:

Talk to anyone who has graduated from the XVIIIth Airborne Corps Sniper School at Fort Bragg North Carolina (or other similar service school)
Pick up any copy of the NRA's American Rifleman that highlights the annual pilgrimage to Camp Perry -- Read it.

Body Physiology

This section delves into the human body and the factors that must be considered before one sits down behind a rifle. Our heartbeat causes our body to move. Chest, shoulders, arms, neck, hands, and fingers all move when our heart beats. Remember that these things are touching, or connected to parts that are touching, our rifle. This can be seen through a very hi-power scope. The cross hairs bump along the target as our heart beats. This is not really evident through a 9X hunting scope. Change your body position slightly, and the pattern the cross hairs follows changes as well. Now If you try this experiment you will find something else out real quick, not only is your pulse moving the rifle but it's probably hard to see clearly because your breathing is moving it even more! If you have a less than optimum grip and hold on the rifle, while you are studying these phenomena, you will notice that it starts getting worse. This is because your muscles are starting to fatigue, and when they fatigue they begin to tremble. Stop breathing and the lack of oxygen to those muscles will cause them to tremble even more! You cannot make your heart stop, but you can slow it. Your pulse rises when you work out or become excited. Your respiration increases in the same way. I will not belabor this point, just think about it and use common sense. Think about the time you missed that deer and blamed it on your rifle, load, scope or whatever. Think about it -- how did you feel when you saw that buck? What were you experiencing when you raised your rifle and took aim? Chances are that the experience was quite different from the feeling you got when you were sighting in that rifle at the range. Was it really the rifle? Was it you? Buck fever is an extreme case, the shooter is so overwhelmed by the experience that they cannot even remember pulling the trigger while the gun was still pointing up in the air! Many people suffer from increased pulse and respiration when they sight game. This will reduce the maximum range that clean shots are possible. If it's buck fever, you are in trouble.

What to do about it?

Relax!
Feel the targets presence.
Try to smell the target.
Breathe normally, in, out, steady breaths. If the target is close just open your mouth wide, your breathing will be silent.
Think of nothing -- Clear your mind -- Think only of what you must do.
Control yourself, you will get this shot only once

Fatigue

Yes, you can control this too. Conditioning is important, but it no matter what your condition is, if you do not have good form you will shake. You must take advantage of bone structure when supporting the rifle. This is easier when you are prone, I have pictures in an army field manual for the prone shooting position that I will add when I get them scanned. If they are not here, use these tips as guides. Keep forearm vertical under the forearm of the rifle. Straight up and down. When you angle your arms you are using muscles to hold them still. Gravity will do this for you if you keep your forearm vertical. Your body must lie in a relaxed, flat position. Point your toes out so your feet lay sideways, flat against the ground. Start with your feet and think about the position of all body parts, working up to your fingers. If you are using muscles to hold your position you will shake. Find the position you could hold for hours without tiring. Try every variation you can think of with your rifle in your shoulder. You are looking for the combination that will allow the least vibration, and the flexibility needed to work the action on your rifle. When shooting you do not want to take your eyes off your target to reload or work the action. You must be able to do this without your movement being seen. When you have found it, take a mental snapshot of each part of your body and it's position. Remember how each part feels in that position, look at your hands , arms elbows, and where the rifle is resting in relation to your nose. What part of the rifle is close to your nose? I will explain this when I discuss sight alignment. Practice assuming this position until you have it down pat. It may help to sequence the movements necessary to assume this position and number them. Practice assuming the position by the numbers. Eventually it will become second nature. If you shoot infrequently you may want to write this down so you will remember it if you forget. If you are a hunter and you must use this process from a blind or tree stand, use the same principles. What you do will be different from every tree you hunt and for every game animal that walks out in front, behind, or to the side of you. The position the hunter must shoot from depends on the situation. This will give you something to think about when the time comes. You will focus on a problem and the solution, not freak out because you finally have that 8 point in front of you! For the rest of you, I will try to stay away from hunting situations. You hunters can do as I did. I took the principles I learned about shooting at long ranges and applied them where the situation warranted.

Sight Alignment and Sight Picture

When shooting a rifle without a scope, it is important to align the front and rear sights perfectly and consistently. There are four things in this equation -- your shooting eye, the rear sight, the front sight, and the target. The distance between the sights does not change. The distance from your eye to the rear sight can change and this must be avoided. The relationship between your eye and the rear sight is important. Once you find the right position for your eye, note the relationship between your nose and the stock or action of the rifle. Each time you aim, put your nose in the same place. This will help you get your sight picture consistent. Peep sights are the best sights for a rifle. For those of you unfamiliar with these, they will take some getting used too. Hopefully you will be able to see that the rear sight in each example (graphic missing) is fuzzy looking. That is because you should always focus on the front sight post. You will have to align the front sight post in the center of the rear sight aperture using your "peripheral" vision. The target will be fuzzy too. The peep sight system is better because it allows you to get a better picture of sight alignment. It is very hard to focus on the front sight post with leaf sights. The only part of the front sight that is visible through leaf sights is the very top. When the leaf sight blurs out of focus, it is very hard to tell whether the front post is centered in the rear sight groove. Leaf sights work well out to 100 yds. The are adequate for hunting purposes on a .22 rifle. But for serious target work, the peep sight is far superior. When using a scope it is also important to note the relationship between the gun and your nose. In dim light, if your eye is not perfectly positioned, you will lose a great deal of the field of view. Yes, you'll lose it when it's bright too, but in dim light this problem is not readily apparent. Notice that when your eye is not in position that areas of the scope view are black. In dim light the correct view is also very dark. If you don't know where your eye should be without "looking" through the scope to find it, you will find yourself chasing a fleeting image through the scope.

Breathing

If you don't breath you will shake. There is a correct way to breath when shooting. Try this exercise --

Take a breathe.
Let it out.
While exhaling, notice that there is a point during exhale where you do not feel it necessary to to continue exhaling, or to start breathing in again.
Now try it again. This time when you get to that "place", stop breathing for a second or two. It's easy!

That is the place in your breath cycle you want to take your shot. Since you can only hold it a second, two at most, you must time the rise and fall of the rifle, the sight alignment & picture, and the trigger squeeze to coincide with that "place". Notice that when you inhale the muzzle of the rifle drops. It rises again when you exhale. When your chest expands your shoulder rises, your forearm that supports the rifle does not move so the muzzle drops. You must time this rise and fall so that the target is sighted at that "place".

Trigger Squeeze

Look at your finger. bend it to a hook shape like you would when pulling a trigger. Now simulate trigger pull and watch your finger. Notice that at no point on your finger, does your finger move straight back. The movement of your finger is to the side and back. No matter where you touch the trigger, pulling like this will exert a sideways pressure on the trigger. What do you think the muzzle will do? If you are right-handed, the muzzle will move to the right because you are pushing the portion of the rifle behind your forearm to the left. The place on your finger that moves the the LEAST to the side is the very tip. You want to put the very end of your finger on the trigger. Do not use the tip by the nail, but the soft part between the tip and the first joint. When squeezing the trigger be conscious of this, and try your best to eliminate all lateral pressure. When you pull the trigger you must apply steadily increasing pressure until the gun fires. The shot should come as a surprise every time. If you anticipate, and flinch, you will never be able to shoot well. The biggest mistake a shooter can make is to start off with a loud, powerful, hard kicking rifle and not wear hearing protection. Not only can you damage your hearing, but the noise will be most unpleasant. You will begin to associate the noise with the recoil, and in your mind they will be one and the same -- a big unpleasant event. Isolating recoil and noise is very important when trying to overcome a flinch. Once you realize that the kick is not that bad, and it certainly will not hurt you, you will be able to focus on sight picture, breathing, and squeezing. A .300 Win. Mag. kicks hard. It is something you will have to get used to. Many gun writers recommend that people of slight build stick to lighter weapons for this reason. Bullshit, size has little to do with it. Carlos Hathcock, all 140 lbs. of him, killed most of his 93 confirmed people with a 30-06, and won the 1965 Wimbledon Cup with a .300 Winchester Magnum. But if you think you are too tough to wear hearing protectors, or wear cheapies, you may have problems with a big rifle.

Shooting Fundamentals Summary

Solid, comfortable body position
Breathe
Sight Picture
Squeeze

Bullet Flight

Ballistics will be covered in detail in a section devoted to the subject. For now I'll only discuss a few fundamentals. The moment a bullet leaves the barrel it begins to fall. I have been to the range and heard people talking about how their [insert bullet here] climbs for the first 50 yds. or so. The laws of physics do not work differently for these people or their guns. They just don't understand the relationship between the line of sight (LOS) and the bullet path (BP). The LOS is perfectly straight. The sights on a rifle are on top of the rifle. If they are straight, and the bullet is always dropping, then the only way the two paths will ever intersect is if the LOS is adjusted to cross the BP at some point. That is exactly what we do. If the rear sight post is raised then the LOS will cross the bullet path. In fact, it crosses the bullet path twice. The bullet will steadily drop until it crosses the LOS again. I'll include a picture when I can get it scanned. If any of you have one scanned feel free to donate it!

Between sights and the first intersection, bullet is BELOW LOS.
LOS crosses BP, after first intersection bullet is ABOVE LOS.
Bullet drops more and crosses the LOS. After this the bullet is below LOS again.

The point at which the two paths cross the first time is referred to as "battle sight zero" in the US Army. If an M16's sight's are adjusted until they are "zeroed" at 25 meters, they will also be zeroed at 250 meters (where the two cross again). This means that out to 25 meters the rifle will shoot low, between 25 and 250 meters the rifle will shoot high, and after 250m the rifle will shoot low again. This is what people are referring to when the say that their "bullet climbs after so many feet". Their sights are pointed down at an angle like everyone else's. Bullets do not drop at a constant rate. As soon as a bullet leaves the barrel it is a prisoner of gravity and drag. The longer a bullet flies, the longer it is exposed to gravity, and the farther it will drop. When a bullet leaves the barrel it is moving very fast. It covers the first 30% of it's maximum range very quickly. Accordingly, the effect of gravity is very small during this period. In proportion, the drag effect is quite high. As the bullet slows the proportional effects of drag and gravity swap places. Once a bullet has flown 60% of it's maximum range, drag is very small, and gravity is causing the bullet to drop very fast. These topics will be discussed in greater detail in the section titled "Exterior Ballistics".

army pictures

redfoxmanwithagun — Fri, 05 Sep 2008 09:05:46 CDT

1	2	3	4
5	6	7 When we got to Korea we wanted to blow something up!	8 They let us!!!
9 From World War II	10 From World War II	11 Beautiful shot Photo T. Lowney Next 2 photos #11 & 12 T. Lowney	12 Projectile leaving barrel
13 Nine gun salvo Jan. 19, 1955 Next 3 photos #13 to15 by D. Menta	14 2 projectiles	15 More salvo	16 Archive Photo Gulf War
17 16" shell on its way to an Iraqi target Photo by Michael Keith	18 Gulf of Mexico Gun Trials Photo by LCDR Lynn Howell, USN-R	19 Korea 1951 Submitted by J. Slanina	20 NGFS quals Spot 2 1988 Photo by Dan Devoy
21 Nine gun salvo Sent in by H. Green	22 Smoke rings Next 8 pictures by B. Morris taken from National Archives	23 Turret 2	24 16" gun firing
25 Turret 2	26	27 5" gun firing	28 Turret 1
29 Smoke drifts from gun firing	30 Carribean-1989 workups Taken by Scott Brdlik USS Mississippi	31 Awesome!! 1991 Photo by Dave Patrykus	32 Next 4 photos are from the National Archives. Bombarding Korea 1951.
33 Firing on enemy rail transportation, 1952.	34 Firing on railway tunnel.	35 USS Wisconsin firing 16in. guns, ca. 1988-1991	36 Photo by Michael Keith G-2 Div. 1990-91 Mushroom cloud
37 16in. Guns in action WWII Photo sent in by Nilla Haluska, daughter of A.Dobyns EM1c 1944-1945	38 Photo by Stephen Johnson, Marine Div. 1990-1991 Nice shot!	39 Photo sent in by Luke Graves, OI Div. 1988-1991 Nice shot!	40 Photo sent in by Lee Alex, Admin. Div.1987-1990 5in. Gun fire.
41 Next 2 photos sent in by Thomas Brownrigg, member of a documentary film crew. Pictures were taken in 1991. Great shots Tom	42 Look at this fire ball. WOW!	43 From National Archives Photo by Lt. Rob Raine. Gunnery exercise, 03-01-90	44 From National Archives Photo by PH1 Bruce M. Morris, 05-28-91, last firing of the Ship's guns prior to decommissioning.
45 Photo sent in by Don Falkenberg Admin Div. 1989 - 1991 Turret 1 and 2	46 Next 4 photos sent in by S. Kuechle NGFS on Kuwait Nice Shots Steve	47	48
49 5in. 38 Gun Shoot Good shot capturing the rings	50 Photo sent in by J. Sandoval Nice Shot	51 Photo taken by Bob Tilton H Division 1953-1955	52 Photo sent in by, Joseph A. Sparacino 1st Division 1951-1952. 16in gun fire from turret #3
53 Nice shot! Check the 16inch projectile to the right, stopped in midair. Photo taken by, Lee Alex Admin. Div. 1987-1990	54 Photo sent in by Richard Brownlee T Div. 1951-1953

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Shooting Fundamentals Summary

Bullet Flight

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